Skip to content. | Skip to navigation

Personal tools

Navigation

You are here: Home / Research / Selected Research / Gender, Transport, and Employment in Mumbai

Gender, Transport, and Employment in Mumbai

Maureen Cropper and colleagues examine mobility patterns and a gender gap

There is increasing recognition that women experience mobility differently from men. A growing body of literature documents the differences in men and women's mobility patterns. However, there is limited evidence on the evolution of these mobility patterns over time and the role that transportation networks play in women's access to economic opportunities. This study attempts to fill these gaps. It contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it documents the differences in men and women's mobility patterns in Mumbai, India, and the changes in these patterns over time, as the city has developed. Second, it explores whether the lack of access to mass transit limits womens labor force participation. The study analyzes two household surveys conducted in the Greater Mumbai Region in 2004 and 2019. It finds important differences in the mobility patterns of men and women that reflect differences in the division of labor within the household. These differences in mobility patterns, and their evolution over time, point to an implicit 'pink tax' on female mobility. Transport appears to be only one of many barriers to women's labor force participation and not the most important one.

 

Alam, Muneeza Mehmood, Cropper, Maureen L., Herrera Dappe, Matias and Suri, Palak, (2021), Closing the Gap: Gender, Transport, and Employment in Mumbai, No 9569, Policy Research Working Paper Series, The World Bank, https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:9569.

Navigation