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Are Children Barriers to the Gender Revolution? International Comparisons
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Children seem to present a barrier to the gender revolution in that parents are more likely to divide paid and domestic work along traditional gender lines than childless couples are. However, the extent to which this is so varies between countries and over time. We used data on 35 countries from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme to identify the contexts in which parents and non-parents differ the most in their division of labour. In Central/South America, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Asia, and South Africa, labour sharing configurations did not vary as much with the presence of children as in Australia, Western Europe, North America, and Northern Europe. Our multilevel models helped explain this pattern by showing that children seem to present a greater barrier to the gender revolution in richer and, surprisingly, more gender equal countries. However, the relationship between children and couples’ division of labour can be thought of as curvilinear, first increasing as societies progress, but then weakening if societies respond with policies that promote men’s involvement at home. In particular, having a portion of parental leave reserved for fathers reduces the extent to which children are associated with traditional labour sharing in the domestic sphere.
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MPRC People
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Frances Goldscheider, Ph.D.
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Frances Goldscheider Publications
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The Intergenerational Stability of Punishment: Paternal Incarceration and Suspension or Expulsion in Elementary School
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Objectives: I extend the life-course theory of cumulative disadvantage to focus on continuity in punishment across generations. Specifically, I examine (1) the association between paternal incarceration and elementary school suspension or expulsion and (2) the extent to which behavior problems and weakened social bonds explain this association. Method: Analyses rely on logistic regression, propensity score matching, and mediation methods with data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 3,201), a birth cohort of children born in large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000. Results: The odds of school punishment among children who had a residential father incarcerated by age 5 are 75 percent greater than the odds for children in a matched control group. About one third of this association is accounted for by behavior problems and weakened social bonds. Even after accounting for behavior problems and social bonds, children whose fathers were incarcerated are at greater risk of school punishment. Conclusions: I find evidence of an intergenerational stability of punishment and mixed support for an intergenerational extension to cumulative disadvantage theory. Paternal incarceration is associated with children’s likelihood of experiencing formal punishment in elementary school, and behavior problems and weakened social bonds explain part of this association
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MPRC People
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Wade C Jacobsen, Ph.D.
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Wade Jacobsen Publications
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Sexual Minority Health Disparities: An Examination of Age-Related Trends Across Adulthood In a National Cross-Sectional Sample
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Purpose: Sexual minorities experience signi fi cant health disparities across a variety of mental, behav ioral, and physical health indicators. Yet, an understanding of the etiology and progression of sexual minority health disparities across the lifespan is limited. Methods: We used the U.S. National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions III to evaluate the association between sexual minority status and seven past-year health outcomes (alcohol use disorder, tobacco use disorder, drug use disorder, major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, sexually transmitted infection, and cardiovascular conditions). To do this, we used unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression among our study sample (n ¼ 30,999; aged 18 e 65 years) and time- varying effect models to evaluate how sexual orientation differences in these outcomes vary across adulthood. Results: Relative to heterosexuals, sexual minorities had elevated odds of past-year alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder across all ages (18 e 65 years) although the magnitude of the disparity varies by age. Sexual minorities were also more likely to experience major depressive episode, generalized anxiety disorder, tobacco use disorder, sexually transmitted infection, and cardiovascular disease, but only at speci fi c ages. Conclusions: Sexual minority health disparities vary appreciably across the adult lifespan, thus eluci dating critical periods for focused prevention efforts.
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MPRC People
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Jessica N Fish, Ph.D.
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Jessica N Fish Publications
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Cohen: The divorce fairness issue that the Bezos don’t have to worry about
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CNN Op-Ed suggests taxes on super-rich and stronger social safety net could help ameliorate financial impact divorce has for many
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News
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Cohen, Sayer, and Dow on Modern Parenting
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New York Times article notes that raising children has become a more time-consuming and expensive task.
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News
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More Women Opting to Give Birth Outside of a Hospital
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Data shows rate of births at home and in birth centers reaches highest level in 30 years; demand may actually be greater
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Research
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Selected Research
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SPH Study Explores Maternal Experience of IPV in Young Children in Tanzania
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Natalie Slopen and colleagues published a new study exploring the health implications of intimate partner violence on children
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Research
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Selected Research
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Seminar: Jim Raymo - University of Wisconsin
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Women’s education and marriage in Japan: Insights into Social Change (and Stability)
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Coming Up
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Seminar: Anna Haskins - Cornell University
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Schools as Surveilling Institutions? Paternal Incarceration, System Avoidance, and Parental Involvement in Schooling
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Coming Up
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Seminar: Andrew Foster - Brown University
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Household Recombination, Retrospective Evaluation and Educational Mobility over 40 years
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Coming Up