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Occupational Differences in Estimates of Time at Work
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John P. Robinson, University of Maryland; Jonathan Gershuny, University of Oxford; 2012-006
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Exposure to Particulate Matter and Adverse Birth Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review and Meta Analysis.
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Increasing number of studies have investigated the impact of maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes, particularly low birth weight (LBW, <2,500 g at birth) and preterm birth (PTB, <37 completed weeks of gestation). We performed a comprehensive review of the peer-reviewed literature and a meta-analysis to quantify the association between maternal exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter 2.5 and 10 μm (PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) during pregnancy and the risk of LBW and PTB. We identified 20 peer-reviewed articles providing quantitative estimate of exposure and outcome that met our selection criteria. There was significant heterogeneity between studies, particularly for findings related to PM 10 exposure (LBW, I -squared 54%, p = 0.01; PTB, I -squared = 73%, p < 0.01). Results from random-effect meta-analysis suggested a 9% increase in risk of LBW associated with a 10-μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 (combined odds ratios (OR), 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90–1.32), but our 95% CI included the null value. We estimated a 15% increase in risk of PTB for each 10-μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 (combined OR, 1.15; CI, 1.14–1.16). The magnitude of risk associated with PM 10 exposure was smaller (2% per 10-μg/m 3 increase) and similar in size for both LBW and PTB, neither reaching formal statistical significance. We observed no significant publication bias, with p > 0.05 based on both Begg's and Egger's bias tests. Our results suggest that maternal exposure to PM, particularly PM 2.5 may have adverse effect on birth outcomes. Additional mechanistic studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms for this association.
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Amir Sapkota, Ph.D.
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Amir Sapkota Publications
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Daily Life among American Immigrants
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John P. Robinson, University of Maryland, et al.; 2012-005
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Language Votes: Foreign Language (FL) Policy Attitudes and the 2008 Electorate
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John P. Robinson, University of Maryland; William Rivers, Integrated Technical Solutions; Paul Harwood, University of North Florida; 2012-004
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Environmental Justice and Infectious Disease: Gaps, Issues, and Research Needs
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The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between environmental changes and infectious diseases and their impact on health in environmental justice (EJ) communities. The evolution of EJ science and research is contingent upon an integrated approach that takes into account social processes and environmental changes to address the burden of infectious diseases in EJ communities. We recognize that infectious disease and environmental justice is novel and calls for more research in this area, especially as the focus of public health shifts towards an ecologic and social approach to disease prevention. We attempt to explore in further detail how environmental changes such as urbanization, agriculture, and climate variability could potentially influence pathogen dynamics, vector transmission, host susceptibility, and disease outcomes among environmental justice populations.
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MPRC People
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Sacoby Wilson, Ph.D., M.S.
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Sacoby Wilson Publications
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Nurturing Dads: Social Initiatives for Contemporary Fatherhood
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Faculty Associate Kevin Roy co-authors book on public policy impacts on fatherhood
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Selected Research
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Job creation linked to company age, not size
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Faculty Associate John Haltiwanger's paper with two Census Bureau economists challenges conventional wisdom
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Exploring the culture of despair
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Faculty Associate Melissa Kearney and Philip B. Levine find that inequality trumps location in predicting early childbearing out of wedlock
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Selected Research
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Race / Ethnic Differentials in the Health Implications of Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren,
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Faculty Associate Feinian Chen studies health implications for grandparents caring for grandchildren
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Selected Research
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Social Trends and Social Change in the United States: Impacts on Army Manpower; Personnel and Operations
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Faculty Associate David Segal oversees research into the impact of social change on the military
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Selected Research