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Rural Connectivity, Kinship Support and Food Security in Kenya

Monthly unconditional income supplements starting at birth: Experiences among mothers of young children with low incomes in the US

Abstract School suspension is a common form of punishment in the United States that is disproportionately concentrated among racial minority and disadvantaged youth. In labeling theories, the implication is that such stigmatized sanctions may lead to interpersonal exclusion from normative others and to greater involvement with antisocial peers. I test this implication in the context of rural schools by 1) examining the association between suspension and discontinuity in same-grade friendship ties, focusing on three mechanisms implied in labeling theories: rejection, withdrawal, and physical separation; 2) testing the association between suspension and increased involvement with antisocial peers; and 3) assessing whether these associations are stronger in smaller schools. Consistent with labeling theories, I find suspension associated with greater discontinuity in friendship ties, based on changes in the respondents’ friendship preferences and self-reports of their peers. My findings are also consistent with changes in perceptual measures of exclusion. Additionally, I find suspension associated with greater involvement with substance-using peers. Some but not all of these associations are stronger in smaller rural schools. Given the disproportionate distribution of suspension, my findings indicate that an excessive reliance on this exclusionary form of punishment may foster inequality among these youth.

Boudreaux evaluates how the policy influences healthcare access outcomes in low-income families

Caryn N. Bell University of Maryland: Jessica L. Owens-Young American University: 2019-005

Heather Koball, Senior Fellow, Labor, Human Services, and Population Center, Urban Institute

Kris Marsh, Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Maryland

Jack Sandberg, Associate Professor, Department of Global Health, George Washington University

James S. Jackson, Professor of Psychology and Director of the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan

Fathers and Urban Poverty