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This study investigates the relationship between maternal employment and state-to-state differences in childcare cost and mean school day length. Pairing state-level measures with an individual-level sample of prime working-age mothers from the American Time Use Survey (2005–2014; n = 37,993), we assess the multilevel and time-varying effects of childcare  costs  and  school  day  length  on  maternal  full-time  and  part-time  employment  and  childcare  time.  We  find  mothers’ odds of full-time employment are lower and part-time employment higher in states with expensive childcare and shorter school days. Mothers spend more time caring for children in states where childcare is more expensive and as childcare costs increase. Our results suggest that expensive childcare and short school days are important barriers to maternal employment and, for childcare costs, result in greater investments in childcare time. Politicians engaged in national debates about federal childcare policies should look to existing state childcare structures for policy guidance. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119860277

Parental leave expressly for fathers recommended policy outcome

Dr. Milkie's research helps to reshape cultural frames regarding maternal time and children's well being

Liana Sayer starts a new Time Use Lab at the University of Maryland

John P. Robinson and Elena Tracy, University of Maryland; Jonathan Gershuny and Teresa Harms, University of Oxford; 2015-009

Sponsored by MPRC, NICHD, Economic Research Service, and IZA (Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany)

Sandra Hofferth: A new suite of resources for accessing time-use data

Report details how time use researchers manages her schedule

The Four O'Clock Shuffle: Parental Management of Children's Time Scarcity

The Great Recession and young people’s employment, education and homemaking: A cohort comparison by gender in Finland, Spain, Taiwan and the USA